Anesthetic generator and mixer.



2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

//v VENTOH A TTOHNE] PATENTED SEPT. 5, 1905.

D. D. WBISELL.

ANESTHETIG GENERATOR AND MIXER.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 19, 1904.

PATENTBD SEPT. 5, 1905.

D. D. WEISELL.

ANESTHBTIG GENERATOR AND MIXER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 19, 1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

lNVENTOfi ,Dauicl Weisef! U NET?!) STATES PATIENT OFFICE.

DAVID D. 'EISELL, OF FORT WAYNE, INDIANA, ASSIONOR TO THE RAN SOM AND RANDOLPH OONIIANY, OF TOLEDO, OIIIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

ANESTHETIC GENERATOR AND MIXER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 5, 1905.

Application filed May 19,1904. Serial No. 208,788.

esthetic Generator and Mixer, of which the following is a specification.

.\'Iy1nvent1on relates to improvements in apparatus for the generation and admnnstration of anesthetic in which the quantity of anesthetic generated and the amount of air to be mixed therewith is under the control of the operator.

The medical or dental operator when administering an anesthetic or any medicated vapor to a patient in the common or wellknown modes of open administration, such as by the use of a sponge or tunnel or cloth, has no means of ascertaining the relative proportion of anesthetic and of air in the mixture which the patient inhales, and a result more or less danger has always accompanied such :ulministration.

The object of my invention is to enable the operator to accurately graduate the quantity of anesthetic or medicated vapor generated and the amount of air mixed therewith, so as to give him absolute control of its strength and avoid the danger of the sudden administration of too great a quantity or strength of anesthetic or medicated vapor, by providing a generating and mixing chamber with a valve which graduates and controls the inlet of air, the generation and inlet of the anesthetic vapor, and the mixture of said vapor with air. Iattain this object by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a front elevation of the entire apparatus; Fig. 2, a front elevation of the generating and mixing device removed from the compressed-air tank and frame; Fig. 3, a plan view of the generating and mixing device; Fig. 4, a side elevation of the same; Figs. :3, 6, 7, and 8, a vertical section of the same on the line 1 2 with the cover and anesthetic-cup removed and with the controllingvalve in the positions 2, 2, .2 and 2 respectively; Figs. 9, 10, 11, and 12, a vertical section of the same on line 3 4 with the controlling-valve in the .2, z, .2 and .2" positions, respectively; Fig. 13, a vertical section of the same on line 5 6 with the controlling-valve in the position .2; Fig. 14, a side elevation of the controlling-valve; Fig. 15, a vertical section of the same on line 7 8; Fig. '16. a vertical section of the same on line 9 10; Fig. 17, a front elevation of the anesthetic-generating cup, and Fig. In a vertical section of the same on line II I2; Fig. 19. an elevation of the compressed-air-tank valve, and Fig. 20 a top view of the same, and Fig. 21 a view of the anesthetic-air tube.

Similar letters and ligures refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

Any suitable means for compressing air and connecting the same to the generating and mixing device may be used. I show one means in which a comprcssed'air tank is composed of three parts an outer cylinder T, with closed bottom and open top, into which is placed a smaller cylinder T with closed top, as a core, between which two cylinders slides another cylinder T, with a closed top. The space between cylinder T and T is nearly filled with water, which acts as a sliding bottom t'or cylinder T as it moves up and down in cylinder T. In the top of cylinder T is placed a valve V tor the entrance of air, and mounted by suitable bolts 20 on the top of the same is a frame j, which supports for convenience of use only by pin 7) the generating and mixing device. Said cylinder also carries in its top a nipple a, which for convenience passes through the base of framef and is provided at its lower end with threads, so as to act as an zulditional means for mounting framef on said tank. T0 the cylinder-Tare sccu red standards a 's, which support a framework on which are mounted pulleys I), over either one of which passes a cord r, attached at one end to the top of the frame f and provided at its other end with a suitable grip or handle H as a means for raising cylinder T in cylinder T.

The generating and mixing device is provided with a chamber O, to the top of which a cover O is adapted, the peak of the cover having an opening 2 therein, through which and through a corresponding opening in the top ot't'ramef a pin passes to support the whole device in frame f. The generating and mixing device may be used without placing it in frame f, and I provide the said frame merely for the sake of convenience. In the bottom of chambcrO is adapted anotherchamber or cup D, in which is placed the liquid or anesthetic to be used. I prefer to make this chamber D of glass, so that the entrance of air through the perforated tube tinto this generating-chamber D may be observed. The air bubbling up through the liquid or anesthetic in chamber D as it escapes through the perforations in tube 26 produces the anesthetic or medicated vapor which is later inhaled by the patient. The upper end of this tube 6 extends or is adapted to an opening 0 in the bottom of chamber C, which opening extends into a valve-sleeve A in said chamber C, to which sleeve is adapted a controlling-valve V, held in said sleeve by a'thumb-screw Zr. A further opening 0' in the bottom of said chamber C permits the anesthetic vapor generated in chamber D to pass into the sleeve A. The controlling-valve V is provided with two hori- Zontal or lateral grooves O and O, as shown in Fig. 14 and in section in Figs. 13, 15, and 16, groove 0 being for the conveyance of air which enters through the nipple a into the mixing-chamber C by way of an opening 0 in the top of sleeve A and into the generating-chamber D through opening 0 and perforated tube Z, and grooves 0 being for the conveyance or direction of the anesthetic or medicated vapor generated in chamber D and escapingfrom opening 0 in the bottom of chamber G into the mixing-chamber 0 through an opening 0 in the wall of sleeve A. A nipple n in the outside wall of chamber C is for the conveyance or escape of the vapor for the purpose of inhalation by the patient through a tube 23 and mouth or nose hood M. Any of the many forms of nose or mouth hoods may be used. Nipple n and nipple a in the top of tank T T are connected by a suitable tube t, preferably of rubber.

I prefer to taper the valve V and its sleeve A so as to insure perfect contact of said valve in said sleeve and avoid any leakage of air or vapor.

The groove 0 in the. valve V is not of the same depth throughout, but it lS'glVGD a curve in its central portion, as shown in Figs. 13,

14, and 16, and its bottom does not come to the surface of the valve abruptly, but each end terminates in a tapering extension or additional groove Z and Z, respectively, which extensions slant approximately at a right angle to said curved groove O upward to the outside surface of the valve. This groove 0 and its tapering extensions Z and Z are made long and deep enough to permit air to enter freely into chamber 0 through opening 0 and at the same time permit a slight quantity of air to enter through extension Z and through opening 0 and tube 2. into chamber D, which latter quantity of air increases and the former quantity decreases as the valve Vis turned in its sleeve A, it being apparent from Figs. 5 and 9 that as the valve is turned in its sleeve from left to right from the .2 position, Fig. 2, the tapering extension Z as it approaches opening 0 gradually increases the amount of air entering chamber D, while the tapering extension Z as it approaches opening 0 gradually reduces the amount of air entering through that opening into the mixing-cham ber C, the result being that the continued revolution of the valve finally closes opening 0 while opening 0 is freed and the air enters into chamber D exclusively, as described later on.

Groove 0 serves the purpose of directing the vapor which is generated in chamber D and rises into opening 0 into the mixingchamber G through opening 0 and it is situated in the valve V in relation to groove 0, so that when the tapering extension Z of groove 0 begins to admit air through opening 0 into the generating-chamber D the tations just specified and still permit the blank portion of the valve at this point to close both of said openings 0 and 0 when vapor is not wanted in chamber (J. The tapering extension of groove 0, which is made similarly to extensions Z and Z and serves a similar purpose, also permits any vapor that may remain in the generating-chamber D after a previous administration to gradually pass into chamber C when the device is again used, so as to avoid the danger which would attend a sudden inhalation of a too great or unsafe quantity of anesthetic or medicated vapor.

Upon the face of the chamber G is mounted a graduated dial g, with graduations in the quadrants from .2 to and from .2 to .2. An indicator 2', mounted on the valve V, travels over the face of this dial like the hand of a clock. This indicator is so mounted on the valve V that when it is at the mark .2- the air coming in through nipple a passes mostly upward through groove 0, Fig. 5, out through opening 0 into the mixing-chamber C, while a very small amount of it passes through the groove O downward and out through the tapering extension Z into the tube Z and from thence out into the anesthetic in cup D through the perforations in said tube. At the same time groove 0 is so situated in reference to openings 0 and 0 that whatever vapor is generated in chamber D passes through opening 0" and into said groove, but very little of it passing through opening 0 into the mixing-chamber O, as the tapering extension of said groove 0 is very slightly exposed to said opening 0 The vapor that does pass into the chamber O at once mixes with the great excess of air which has come from opening 0 and consequently produces only slight anesthesia. Figs. 5 and 9 illustrate this condition. As the valve V is turned from left to right the indicator traveling over the graduations on the dial, informs the operator of the positions of the grooves O and O. The

iigher up the indicator travels from position the less the amount of air sent into the mixingchamber C, while the amount of air sent into the generating-cup D grows greater and the groove 0 conducts more and more vapor into the chamber C, where the vapor meets the decreasing amount of air and causes the patient to inhale anesthetic vapor increasing in strength until the indicator reaches the point ,2", where, as shown in Figs. 6 and ll), no air is entering the mixing-chamber (I, but all of it is sent down into the anes thetic-chamber I), where the vapor is generated in large quantity and passes up through the opening 11' and groove 0 and opening o into the mixingchamber C. The patient then inhales the pure vapor through nipple )1 without any admixture of air in the mixing-chamber. Every degree on the dial up which the indicator moves from to .2" increases the quantity of anesthetic vapor generated in practically the same proportion as the quantity of air entering the chamber (Jis reduced. As the indicator proceeds from .2 to the valve V still obstructs opening 0 and gradually closes the entrance from nipple n and opening u, but not exit 0 until the point is reached, at which position the valve shuts out all air from enteringeither chamber G or I) and closes opening I), so that no vapor, if generated, can leave the generating-chamber l). This situation is shown in Figs. 7 and 11. As the indicator [proceeds around the dial from to .2 the air-entrance '12- and the vaporentrance I) remain closed throughout. Figs. 8 and 12 show the position of the valve with the indicator on the .2" mark, the result being that the apparatus is inactive from the position to thee position. Fromthez position to the position the air once more enters the groove 0, at first entering gradually through the extension and out through opening o into chamber 0; but no anesthetic is generated until the valve arrives at the position, when the j air begins to descend into the chamber D, the

opening I! having been gradually freed by the valve V as it left the position .2 The result of this revolution of the valve is that from the position 2 to the position nothing but air enters the mixing-chamber. From to 2 anesthetic vapor begins to be formed at .2', increasing in quantity and purity until the .2 position is reached, where the maximum strength of anesthetic is produced. From 2" to 2 the anesthetic gradually reduces in volume. No mixing with air, however, is taking place until is reached, when both anesthetic generation and entrance of air cease and continue so until 2 is reached, where air again begins to enter the mixing-chamber C.

In practice the tank-cylinder T, Fig. 1, carrying the generating and mixing device just described, is elevated in the cylinder T by means of the cord r and pulley Z), and as it inder T forces it down in its frame :1, Fig. 20, and admits the air into the said cylinder T, the lower open end of which cylinder remains in the water placed in cylinder T, a spring m. in said frame .I' restoring the valve V to its normal position when the outside pressure is released. The cylinder T may he graduated in cubic feet or gallons, as shown in the elevated position of cylinder T in cylinder T in Fig. 1, so as to enable the operator to compress a definite amount of air into the same, if he so desires. The inner cylinder T may be dispensed with, if desirable, as its only purpose is to save the extra weight of water necessary to be used in cylinder T when no such inner cylinder is present. The air thus compressed in tank T T passes out through nipple )1 into nipple n of the generating and mixing device, the said device having been previously attached to the frame f and the said nipples connected together by the tube 1, from which nipple n the air passes either into chamber 0 or chamber l), or neither one, according to the position of valve V in its sleeve A, as described.

N itrous-oxid gas under pressure is now commonly used by the dental profession and others, and in case the operator desires to use the gas with this device I provide cylinder T with a petcock or valve 0, through which the gas may be admitted into the tank and, if desired, at the same time be mixed with a delinite quantity of air therein by the elevation ofcylinder T. The gas or mixture can then be administered through the nipples and tubes and the mixing-chamber U without using the gener ating cup or chamber 1). The valve V for such a purpose would be used only between the positions and 2', for throughout that reversed quadrant-opening 0 is closed by the valve and opening (1 is freed by groove 0, opening 0 being gradually relieved by the tapering extension /of groove 0 as it approaches that opening in turning the valve from right to left.

That I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In an anesthetic generator and mixer a reservoir of air under pressure a tube leading therefrom through a controlling-valve to a mixing-chamber and to a generating-chainber and an opening leading from the generatingchamber through a controlling-valve to the mixing-chamber and an inhalation-tube leading from the mixing-chamber, substantially as described.

2. In an anesthetic generator and mixer the combination of a reservoir of compressed air with a mixing-chamber in communication through a controlling-valve with said reservoir of compressed air, a generating-chainber having a perforated air-inlet tube in connection through a controlling-valve with a tube leading from the air-reservoir and a vaporrises the pressure on valve V in the top of cyli opening leading from said gencrating-chamher through a controlling-valve into said mixing-chamber, and an inhalation-tube leading from said mixing-chamber, said controllingvalves regulating the relative proportion of air and vapor admitted to and escaping from said mixing and generating chambers respec tively, substantially as described.

3. In an anesthetic generator and mixer the combination of a reservoir of air under pressure a tube leading therefrom through a groove provided with tapering extensions in a controlling-valve into a mixing-cham ber and into a generating-chamber and an opening leading from the generating-chamber through a groove provided With tapering extensions in a controlling-valve into the mixing-chamber and an inhalation-tube leading from the mixing-chamber, the said controlling-valves and their grooves and extensions regulating resets nesses, this 14th day of May, 1904:.

DAVID D. WEISELL.

WVitnesses:

E. E. VVILLIAMs, H. S. GLENN. 

